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我们只使用了大脑的百分之十吗?
Do We Only Use 10% Of Our Brains?
我们只使用了大脑的百分之十吗?
Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This oft-quoted myth holds a certain appeal because if it were true, then we could instantly become ten times more intelligent just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain!
你是否曾经听说过我们人类只使用了大脑的百分之十?这个被经常引用的神话般的说法颇具吸引力，因为如果这种说法属实，那么我们只要激活沉睡的大部分大脑就可以比现在聪明十倍!
Animals Experiments
动物实验
The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists stimulated a specific part of the brain, the animal moved its leg or tail. If a tiny part of the brain could do something so grand, what was the use of the rest of the brain? Some scientists assumed (rather unscientifically) that large parts of the brain were simply useless.
人类只使用了大脑很小一部分的观点可以追溯到19世纪的动物实验。当科学家刺激动物大脑的某个特殊部分时，动物的腿部或尾巴就会动弹。如果大脑这微小的一部分就可以引起这么大的动作，那么大脑其它部分有什么作用呢?一些科学家则假设(其实相当不科学)大脑的大部分没有任何作用。
Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects. They dubbed these seemingly useless parts of the brain the “silent cortex.” Today we know that in humans, much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to complex activities like language, learning, and imagining.
到了20世纪早期，科学家观察到，刺激动物大脑某个区域其身体没有任何反应。于是他们把这部分看起来无用的大脑称作“沉默的皮质”。如今我们都知道，在人类大脑中，许多“沉默的皮质”实际上在一些复杂活动诸如语言、学习和想象等方面发挥着重要的作用。
Brain Scans
脑部扫描
Brain scans have shown that different parts of the brain crackle into heightened activity as we shift our attention and focus, but even as we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? Interestingly enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a given task, the more the brain as a whole is capable of doing.
脑部扫描表明，当我们转移注意力或聚精会神时，大脑不同部位顿时提高活动强度，即使我们睡觉时，大脑的许多区域也极其活跃。如果整个大脑充分持续运转，人是否就会更聪明?有趣的是，结果恰恰相反。执行一项既定任务时脑部活动越少，大脑作为一个整体能做的事情就越多。
哭的时候为什么会流鼻涕?
Why Does Crying Make Your Nose Run?
哭的时候为什么会流鼻涕?
When you burst out crying, you expect the bleary red eyes and the rivers of tears that stream down your cheeks. But on top of all that, your nose starts to run like a faucet. Why does this happen? What’s the connection between crying and a runny nose?
当你放声大哭时，朦胧的红眼睛以及泉涌般的泪水沿着面颊滑落是预料之中的事。除此之外，你会开始流鼻涕。为什么会出现这种情况?哭和流鼻涕之间又有什么联系呢?
Where Do Tears Come From?
眼泪从何而来?
Tears come from tear glands located just over the eye, behind the bone. As tears rinse down over your eye, they collect at the rims of your lower eyelids, where some may overflow and stream down your cheeks.
眼泪是由位于眼骨后的泪腺分泌的。当泪水被分泌出，他们便贮藏在下眼睑边缘，一部分眼泪溢出眼睛沿脸颊流下。
But that’s not the only escape route for overflowing tears. If you look very closely at the inside of your eyelid, right near your nose, you’ll see a tiny little hole. You might need to gently pull your eyelid down to see it, because it’s on the inner edge of the eyelid, resting against the eye.
但那并不是眼泪流出来的唯一路径。如果你仔细观察眼睑内侧靠近鼻子的地方，你会看到一个极其微小的洞。你可能需要轻拉眼睑才能看到这个小洞，因为它位于靠近眼睛的眼睑内侧。
River Tears
泪流成河
These little holes, on the upper and lower eyelids of both eyes, serve as drains and lead into canals that run through grooves in the bones of the face and eventually empty into the nose. Even when you’re not crying, some of the normal, everyday tears that moisten and clean your eyes drain out through this secret passageway into the nose, but it’s such a small amount that you don’t notice it.
这些小洞位于双眼的上下眼睑，它们发挥着排水管的作用，引导泪水沿着脸骨的凹槽流下并最终流入鼻子。即使你不哭的时候，每天也会有一些正常产生的、用以湿润和清洁眼睛的眼泪通过这个秘密通道流到鼻子里，只不过它们数量太少你察觉不到而已。
When the tears really start to gush, however, this unnoticeable trickle turns into a river. As the tears make their way down through the nose, they moisten and loosen other secretions on the way. And that’s when you reach for a tissue!
当眼泪喷涌而出的时候，这些平时察觉不到的小泪滴便汇流成河。在泪水流入鼻子的同时，它们在沿途还起到湿润和疏松其它分泌物的作用，这时候，你就需要纸巾擦拭了。